rhoades



A. E. RHOADES.

FEELER MOTION FOR LOOMS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 19, 1917.

Q 08, 1 u Patented July 1, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

1 7 6 umullln"WW!!!WWWW A. E. RHOADES.

FEELER MOTION FOR LOOMS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 19, um.

Patented July 1 1919.

2 'SHEETS-SHEET 2.

,IJWJIMMM 'nunfililimim the shuttle.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALONZO E. RI-IOADES, 0F HOPEDALE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO DRAPER CORPORATION, OF HOPEDALE, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Amino E. RHoADEs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hopedale, county of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Feeler-Motions for Looms, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters 011 the drawings representing like parts.

The invention to be hereinafter described relates to feeler motions for looms, and more particularly to that type of feelermotions wherein upon substantial exhaustion, but

prior to complete exhaustion, the 'feeleris given a' side swipe movement in a direction substantially longitudinal-of the shuttle.-

In the practical use of feeler motions, many disturbing factors are experienced which tend to destroy the accuracy and reliability of the mechanism. Should the disturbing factors cause the filling to be fully exhausted before the feeler motion initiates filling replenishment, adefect in the cloth is liable to occur, while on the other hand,

should the feeler mechanism act to effect replenishment prematurely, or while a working supply of filling yet remains in theshuttle, excessive waste is produced.

In feelers of the side swipe type, the side swipe or detecting movement of the feeler is inaugurated whenever thefeeler fails to be held by a suflicient'supply of filling in the shuttle Such movement may be effected when only a few turns of filling yet remain in the shuttle, or when the feeler feels the more dense material of the bobbin within Likewise, should the shuttle fail to be properly boxed, the feeler will engage the. smooth surface wall of the imvention, therefore, consists of a side swipe feeler normally under theinfiuence of means tend ng to lmp'art lts side swipe movement,

and a lock normally'acting to prevent such feeler movement until th filling has reached a predetermined degree of exhaustion, and

then freeing the feeler that it may respond Specification of Letters Patent.

' FEELER-MOTION FOR LOOMS.

When the shuttle fails to be properly boxed, it is expedient that the feeler shall not perform its side swipe movement vto initiate thereto to maintain its locking relation with the feeler, should the latterion a detecting beatfind the shuttle improperly boxed.

In the present invention the feeler is given its side swipe or detecting movement by spring actuated means along which the feeler travels as it is moved frontwardly on a. detecting beat, and in order that the feeler 'maybe relieved of the action of said means when the feeler is to resume its feeling or rearward position, provision is made to withdraw. said means from operative relation with the feeler as the lay goes back.

Another important feature of the invention consists in a flexible member movable lengthwise by the side swipe movement of the feeler to initiate filling replenishment when the-filling is substantially exhausted.

These and other features of the present invention will hereinafter be described in connection ,with one form or embodiment. thereof as-illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein;

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portionof thefeelerside of a loom provided with the present invention,only sufficient parts being shown to make clear the relation and operation of parts pertaining to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of parts of the feeler motion showing certain details in separate relation; Fig. 3 is a perspective detail on an enlarged scale showing the filling engaging end of the feeler .and the end of the lock for holding the feeler from side swipe movement; I

Fig. 4 is a plan view on an enlarged scale Patented July 1, 1919. Application filed September 19, 1917. Serial No. 192,188.

showing the action of parts of the feeler motion when a working supply of filling is present in the shuttle on a detecting beat; Fig.5 is a view similar to that of Fig. showing action of the feeler motion ,when th filling is substantially exhausted;

56 becomes substantiakyfigeghausted. I

Fig. 6 is a front view partly in perspective and partly broken awa showing the v means for transmitting thesi eswipemove- 'ment of the feeler through a flexible memto the means tending t move it laterally or longitudinally of the s uttle when the filling ment to the feeler consists of a pivoted arm 37 mounted to rock about a fixed pin 38 rising from the feeler stand. The pivoted member 37 is placed under the control of a spring normally acting to force the pivoted member 37 toward and against the feeler. In theprescnt instance of the invention, on the pin 38 is mounted the collar '39 which is surrounded by a coil spring 40, one end 41 of which is engaged With a hole or recess 42 (Fig. 2) .in the pivoted member 37 and the other end 43 of which is engaged with a hole or opening 44 formed in the top portion of an inclosing sleeve or collar 45. The inclosing sleeve or collar 45 is provided with a transverse opening 46 adapted to register with a corresponding opening 47 in the pin 38, and the cotter pin 49 is adapted to pass through the openings 46 and 47to maintain the sleeve or collar 45 in adjusted position with the spring under suitable tension. The pivoted member 37 extends from its pivotal support rearmounted to rock upon a supporting pin 53 (Fig. 1). The pin- 53 may be suitably sup- Wardly and the side thereof adjacent the feeler 31 is adapted to bear upon the lug 32, so that as the feeler 31 is moved frontwardly on a detecting beat, the pivoted member 37 may cause side swipe movement of thefeeler provided it is free for said movement.

lay goes back after a detecting beat, in order to insure proper return of the feeler to feeling position, should it have been given its side swipe movement. Various means may suggest themselves for this purpose, but in the present instance ofthe invention, the member 37 has joined to its rearward end as at 50, a connection 51 to a relieving device. "This device, in the illustrated form pf the invention, consists of a sleeve 52 ported as by means of a bracket 54 secured to the loom frame. Extending from the 57 in the path of movement of the operating member 20, the construction being such,

66 .sists in a locking member mounted indethat when the lay has about completed its frontward' movement on a detecting beat,

theoperating member 20- will engage the oo end 57 of. the arm 56 and cause the pivoted member 37 to relieve the feeler 31 of presto move rearwardly into the feeler from its locking relation there preferably provided 'With a to which the connecsleeve 51 has another 'ment of the feeler,

pendently of the feeler to prevent side swipe movement of the feeler until the filling 1n the shuttle has reached a predetermined degree of exhaustion, and then to relieve with, in order that thereafter the feeler may indicate substantial exhaustion when the critical point is reached to effect filling replenishment. The locking member may be vaijously contrived, but In the present instance of the invention, itcompriscs the bar or rod 58 (Fig. 1) conveniently mountedfor reciprocating movement in the feeler stand.

This feature of the invention is embodied in the present instance in a cover plate 59 for the. feeler stand, from which rises the front and rear bearing portions 60 and 61 in which the locking member 58 is mounted for reciprocating movement. A stop pin 62 limits the rearward movement of the locking member 58 under the impulse of its spring 63, and cap pieces 64 secured to the top portion of the cover 61 maintain the locking member 58 andcover in position relative to the feeler stand by sui b e securing means suchas the screws 65 The feeler stand and cover may be properly se cured together and be provided also with an adjusting slot 66, which by means of screws 67, permit the feeler to be'adjusted to desired position.

The feeler 31 has a filling engaging end portion adapted to engage the filling on a detecting beat and by sinking into the filleeler responsive to the member 37 until the filling has become substantially exhausted. In the present instance, the feeler 31 is provided with a series of teeth 68 (Fig. 2), and the feeling, end

recessed portion 69 into which projects a part of the look; ing member 58. In the present instance,

. the end of the locking member 58 is downturned as at 70 (big. 3), and the down- 110 turned end thereof rides in the recessed portion 69 of the feeler. The locking member may be provided with an adjustable portion 71, preferably formed as a screw, bolt which may be secured sition by a lock nut being'such that'so long as a working supply of] filling remains in the shuttle, the end of the locking member Will remain in en- 72, the construction gagement with the recessed portion 69 of 120 thefeeler and perforce lock the feeler from side swlpe movement.

When,' however, the filling becomes so far exhausted that the locking member meets the Wall of the shuttle .or-other part carried by the lay on a 125 detecting beat, before the end of the feeler engages the filling in the shuttle, the lock ing-member will be moved frontwardly independently and prior to frontward move- I mg, prevent side swipe movement of the f It is expedient to relieve the feeler 31 f from the pressure of the member 37 as the i of the feeler is in an adjustable pothereby freeing the t'eeler to its side swipe n'lovement. the teeler has thus been unlocked. the end (58 ot the t'eeler will engage the filling on each succeeding detecting beat, and so long as a working supply still remains in the shuttle, it will hold the teeler from side swipe movement. responsive to the member 37, but when the filling has become substantially exhausted. it will no longer be able to hold the t'e'eler from side swipe movement responsive to. the member 37, and thereupon the t'eeler will be moved in a direction longitudinal ot the shuttle to initiate. filling replenishment.

As hereinbet'ore pointed out, the latch 17 is normally maintained with its end 18 out of the path of movement of the operating member :20, but when the filling has become substantially exhausted and the t'eeler partakes of its side swipe movement, it is desirable that the latch 17 be guided or moved into position for engagement with the operating member. In some aspects of the invention, various means may be contriycd to this end, but in the present instance, a flexible member is interposed between the latch aml the feeler and adapted to be moved lengthwise by the side swipe movement of the teeler to position the latch operatively with respect to the operating member.

livotally mounted at 73 on a, bracket 7% (Fig. (3) extending from the rear portion of the feeler stand, is the arm 75, the upper end 76 of which is in the path of side swipe movement of the t'eelcr 31, the construction being such, that so long as the feeler 31 partakes only of its movement toward and from the front of the loom on a detecting beat, the arm 75 remains quiet, but should the feeler be moved in a direction longitudinal of the shuttle, that is, partake of its side swipe movement on at detecting beat as it moves frontwardly, the side of the teeler 31 while moving along the top portion 76 of the arm 75 will push said arm to one side as indicated in Fig. 6 and perforce rock it upon its pivot 73. This movement of the arm 75 is.

utilized to operate the latch 17, as will now be explained. Connected to the arm 75 is an arm or lug 77 (big. (3) which normally rests upon a pin 78 which forms the end portion of a flexible member 79 extending from a point adjacent the feeler to a point adjacent the latch 17 as indicated in Fig. 6. In the present instance of the invention, the flexible member 79 is formed of a wire inclosed in a casing 80 of such diameter as to prevent buckling of the wire when the pin 78 pushes the wire lengthwise. The end of the wire 7 9 beneath the latch 17 is connected to a terminal 81 positioned at one side of the pivot 16 of the latch. and the latch is pro- .Vided with an extended shelf or contactmember 82, the construction being such, that when the arm 76 is moved by the side swipe After,

movement of the feeler, the flexible member '79 will be pushed lengthwise against the part 82 of the latch and cause the end 18 of the latch to move into the path of the end 19 of the operating member. As the operating member moves trontwardly after detection by the teeler of substantial exhaustion, it will move the latch and perforce the actuator frontwardly, thereby rocking the change shaft 11 and initiating fillingreplenishment.

The terminal portion of the flexible member 79 may be appropriately secured in desired position by a small bracket or other supporting member 83 secured by a bolt 81 to a fixed part of the loom below the latch.

hen the end 18 of the latch has been. engaged by the operating member 20, and filling replenishment initiated. it is desirable, as the operating member moves backwardly away from the end of the latch, that thelatch shall unerringly move into inoperative position, that is, that the end 18 thereof be lifted by the spring 21, so that on the next detecting beat, when a full bobbin has been placed in the shuttle, there may not be another replenishing operation. To this end the part or extension 82 ot' the latch at its front portion is adapted to be engaged by the downturned end 85 (Fig. 1) of a resetting arm 86 secured to the operating member 20 as by means of the pins 87, the construction being such, that after a replenishment of filling. and as the operating member 20 returns to its backward position, the resetting arm 86 will act upon the latch to insure the end 18 thereof being moved out of operative relation with the operating member, so that on the next operating movement of the shuttle, unnecessary replenishment of filling may not be effected.

From the construction described, as one good torm of the present invention, and from the characteristic relation of the feeler and locking members, it will be noted that the teeler will be locked from side swipemovement responsive to its actuating means until the filling has been depleted to 1: pointapproaching substantial exhaustion. and

I then will be unlocked, so that thereafter side.

swipe movement oi the feeler will be prevented until the filling has been substantially exhausted by engagement with the engaging end of the teeler with the filling. Should the shuttle tail to be properly boxed, the filling engaging end of the feeler will strike the smooth wall of the shuttle. and in the absence of means to prevent, it would, under the principle of the side swipe feeler construction, move longitudinally of the shuttle, and effect filling replenishment at an undesirable time, The locking member, however, will continue in locking engage mentwith the feeler when the shuttle is not properly boxed on a detecting beat, and replenishment will not be effected.

Claims:

1. In a feeler motion for looms, the combination of a feeler having a filling engaging portion to engage and be held by the filling from movement longitudinally of the shuttle on adetecting beat until substantial exhaustion of filling occurs, means tending to move the feeler longitudinally of the shuttie on each detecting beat of the lay, and a locking member for normally preventing feeler movement longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling has reached a predetermined degree of exhaustion and then being moved frontwardly independent of the feeler movement by engagement with the shuttle wall and freeing the feeler that the feeler may respond to the means tending to move it longitudinally of the shuttle when the filling becomes substantially exhausted,

2. A feeler motion for looms, comprising, in combination, a feeler member mounted for movement longitudinally of the shuttle and moved fron'twardly on each detecting beat by the frontward pressure upon it, means acting upon the feeler on a detecting beat tending to vmove the feeler in'a direction longitudinally of the shuttle, a lock unrestraiiiin g the feeler member to full rearward movement and acting to prevent movement longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling has reached a predetermined degree of exhaustion and then being actuated by the shuttle for freeing the feeler to such movement, and a filling engaging end on the feeler to prevent movement of the feeler longitudinally of the shuttle by engagement with the filling until substantial exhaustion of filling.

3. A feeler motion for looms, comprising, in combination, a feeler member having a filling'engaging end portion to engage the filling-on each detecting beat and be held by the filling from movement longitudinally of the shuttle on a detecting beat until substantial exhaustion of filling, means tending to move the feeler men' ber longitudinally of the shuttle, and a locking member movable toward the front of the loom independently of the feeler member and having a part engaging the feeler mem'berto prevent movement of the fecler member longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling has reached a predetermined degree of exhaustion, and then disengaging the feeler member that the feelcr memben may respond to the ,means tending to move it-longitudinally of the shuttle when the filling reaches a condition of substantial exhaustion.

4. A feeler motion for looms; comprising, in combination, a feeler mounted in front of and independently of the lay to enter the shuttle on each detecting beat and be. moved frontwardly by the push upon it, means acting u pen the feeler on a detecting beat tending to give the feeler a side swipe movement longitudinally of the shuttle, a lock that permits movement of. the feeler to full feeler position and acting to prevent side swipe movement of the feeler responsive to said means until the filling has been exhausted to a predetermined degree and then moved frontwardly by engagement with the shuttle to disengage the feeler, an end portion carried by the feeler to prevent side swipe movement of the feelcr by engagement with the filling after it is unlocked and until substantial exhaustion of filling, and means for changing the operative condition of the loom when substantial exhaustion of filling permits side swipe movement of the feeler.

5. A feeler motion for looms, comprising, in combination, of and independently of the lay to enter the shuttle on each detecting beat and be moved frontwardly by the push upon it, means actmg upon the feeler on at detecting beat tending to give the feeler a. side swipe movement longitudinally of the shuttle, a lock mounted for movement toward and from the front of the loom independently of the t'eeler by engagement with the shuttle on each detecting beat for preventing the side swipe movexment ofthe feeler responsive to said means until the filling has been exhausted to a predetermined degree, an end portion carried by the feeler to prevent side swipe move,

ment of the. feeler by engagement with the filling after it is unlocked and until substantial exhaustion of filling. and means for changing the operative. condition of the loom when substantial exhaustion of filling permits side swipe movement of the t'ccler.

6. A fecler motion for looms,comprising, in coml'iination, a i'eeler having an end portiontoengage the filling and hold the feeler from movement longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling is substantially exhausted on a detecting beat, a movable member having a part extending into the path of the feeler as it moves longitiulinallv of the shuttle when the filling is substantially exhausted, a flexible member movable lengthwise by the movable member when said movablemember is actuated by movement of the feeler longitlulinally of the shuttle, and means controlled by the flexible member for efl'ecting replenishment of filling.

7. In a t'eeler motion for looms, the combination of a feeler having a filling engaging portion to engage-and be held by the filling from side sw'pe movement longitudinally of the shuttle on a detecting beat until substantial exhaustion of filling, a lock for prevent ing side swipe movement of the t'eeler until the filling has reached a pre letermined degree of exhaustion and then actuated by engagement with the wall of the shuttle to unlock the i'eeler, a flexible member adapted to be moved lengthwise by the side swipe IHOW ment of the feeler, and means controlled by a fceler mounted in front the flexible member fonehanging the operative condition of the loom when the flexito the action of said means by engagementwith the wall of the shuttle, an end portion on the feeler to prevent its movement longitudinally of the shuttle when unlocked by engagement with the filling on a detecting beat until substantial exhaustion of fillin a flexible member adapted to be moved lengtlnvise by movement of the teeler longitudinally of the shuttle. and means con trolled by the flexible member for initiating replenishment of filling when the flexible member is moved lengthwise by the side swipe movement of the feeler. I

9. A teeler motion for looms. comprising. in combination. a vt'eeler having a portion to engage the filling and hold the teeler from side swipe movement longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling is substantially exhaustet-l on a detecting beat and then permitting such side swipe movement. a movable memberactuated by the side swipe movement of the t'eeler. a flexible member movable lengthwise by the movable member when said movable member is actuated by the side swipe movement of the t'eeler. aml means controlled by the flexible member for initiating filling replenishment.

it). A t'eeler motion for looms. comprising. in combination. a feeler having a portion to engage the filling and hold the t'celer from side swipe movement longitiulinally ot' the shuttle until the. filling is substantiallv exhausted, means adapted toactupon the t'ecler and temling to impart a side swipe movement thereto on a detecting beat. a lever having a part projectinginto the path of side swipe movement of the teeler. a itemble push member adapted to be moved lengthwise by the. lever, and means controlled by the flexible membei: tor initiating fillingreplenishment.

11. In a l'eeler motion for looms. the combination of a teeler mounted tor side swipe movement and moved toward the front of the loom on ach detecting beat. a lock mounted for longitudinal movement independently ot' the t'eeler and.acting to prevent side swipe movement ol' the t'eeler until the filling has reached a n'edetermined degree of exhaustion and then l'reeing the t'eeler to its side swipe movement. means tending to from side swipe movement until substantial exhaustion of filling.

12. In a feeler motion for looms. the combination of a feeler mounted for movements toward and from the front of the looms and longitudinally of the shuttle a spring actuated member tending to move the t'eeler longitudinally ot the shuttle and along which the feeler travels as it moves toward and from the. front of the loom, an operating member. connections between the spring actuated member and operating member to relieve the feeler from the action of the spring actuated member when the lay reaches front position on a detecting beat, and an end on the t'eeler to engage the tilling and prevent n'n vement of the feeler longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling is substantially exhausted.

13. In a feeler motion for looms. the combination of a t'eelcr that is moved toward the front of the loom on each detecting beat by the 't'ront-ward pressure upon it and having a filling engaging portion to engage the filling and hold the teeler from side swipe movement until the filling is substantially exhausted. means acting upon the feeler on a detecting beat tending to impart a side swipe movement. a locking member mounted for movement imlepcmlently ot' the feeler on a detecting beat and serving by relative movement of the teeler and locking member when the 't'eeler contacts with an improperly boxed shuttle to continue its locking funetion and prevent side swipe, movement of the fceler.

H. In a t'eeler motion for looms. the combination of a t'eeler that is moved toward the trout ot' the loom on each detecting beat aml having an end to prevent movement 10ngitudinally ot' the shuttle by engagement with the filling and permit such movement when the end of the t'eeler engages the body of an improperly boxed shuttle, a locking member mounted.independently of the :teeler for movement toward and from the front of the loom and having a part extending into the path of the 't'eele as it moves longitudinally ol' the shuttle. and means for maintaining the locking member in feeler locking position when the teeler 'and locking member are relatively moved by an improperly boxed shuttle.

1:). In a teeler motion for looms, the combination of a sideswipe teeler to feel for and engage a surface within the shuttle on each detecting beat and be moved toward the front of the loom, a locking bar mounted for movementtoward and from the front of the loom independently of the :t'eeler and having a tccler locking portion to engage and lock the t'eeler trom movement, longi tudinally ot' the shuttle until the locking bar is moved 'lrontwardly in :ulvance ot' the frontward movement of the t'eeler, means tending to move the feeler longitudinally of the shuttle, an end on the feeler to prevent longitudinal movement of the feeler by en-' gagement with the filling after the feeler is unlocked until substantial exhaustion of the filling.

16. In a feeler motion for looms, the combination of a feeler member-supported independently of the lay and moved frontwardly on each detecting beat by the pressure upon it, means tending to move the feeler member in a direction longitudinally of the shuttle, a locking member having a projection extending into the path of movement of the feeler member to prevent side swipe action thereof until the filling reaches apredetermined degree of exhaustion and thereupon moved by engagement with the shuttle to carry the projection out of the path of feeler movement to permit such side swipe action, and means for effecting filling replenishment when the feeler is moved longitudinally of the shuttle.

17. In a feeler motion for looms, the combination of a feeler member supported independently of the lay and moved frontwardly on each detecting beat by the pressure upon it, means tending-to move the feeler member in a direction longitudinally of the shuttle, a locking member moved toward the front of the loom on each detect- 1ng beat and having a too or finger extending alongside a part of the feeler member to prevent movement thereof longitudinally of the shuttle until the filling is exhausted to a predetermined degree and then being moved to carry the toe or finger out of obstructing position, and means for effecting replenishment of filling when the feeler member is moved longitudinally of the shuttle.

18. A feeler motion. comprising. in combination, a feeler member mounted independent of the lay to feel for the filling and be moved frontwardly on each detecting beat, means tending to give the feeler member a side swipe movement, a shoulder carried by the fcelcr member..a locking member having a projection extending into the side swipe path of movement of the feeler member to obstruct such movement until the filling reaches a. predetermincd degree of exhaustion and then being moved out of obstructing position. and an end on the teclcr member to thereafter prevent side swipe movement. of the fcelcr member until substantial,

exhaustion of filling.

l9. t'cclcr motion, comprising. in combination. a. l'cclcr member mounted independcut of the lay to feel l'or the filling and be moved trontu'ardly on each detecting beat, means tending to give the teclcr member a side swipe movement. a recessed portion on the feeler member extending toward but terminating short of the end of the feeler member, alocking member having a projection extending into said recessed portion on the feeler member to prevent movement of the feeler member longitudinally of the shuttle while in engagement therewith and adapted to engage the terminal portion of the recess and be moved by it when the feeler is struck by an improperly positioned shuttle.

20. A feeler motion, comprising, in eombi nation, a feeler stand, a gt'eeler member mounted on the stand and moved frontwardly by the push upon it, a spring actuated arm adapted to bear upon the feeler member to move it in a direction longitudinally of the shuttle when the filling is substantially exhausted, a. locking member having a too or finger engaging a side portion of the feeler member, a spring normally aeting to hold the locking member in rear position but permitting the locking member to be moved frontwardly coincident with the feeler member to maintain the toe or finger at the side portionjof the fceler member until the filling is exhausted to a predetermined extent and then causing the locking member to be moved frontwardly an increased amount relative to the feeler member to carry the toe or finger out of obstructing relation with the feeler member.

21. A feeler motion, comprising, in combination, a feeler member moved frontwardly on each detecting beat by the push upon it. an arm along which the fceler moves as it travels frontwardly, a spring acting on said arm and tending to move the teeler member in a direction longitudinally of the shuttle, a rock shat't connected to the said arm. an arm extending from the rock shaft and an operating member adapted to engage said arm as said member moves 'frontwardly. rock said shaft. and relieve the pressure of the spring actuated arm from the feeler member.

22. Tn a feelcr motion for looms. the combinationof a feeler member having a filling engaging end adapted to hold the feeler member from side swipe movement longitudinally of the shuttle until substantial exhaustion ot filling, an actuator carrying a latch. an operatingmember for engaging the latch when it is moved into operative relation thereto by side swipe movement of the t'ccler member. and :i resetting device for the latch connected to the operating member and acting to reset the latch asthe operating member moves back.

In testimony whereof. I have signed my name to this specification.

ALONZO n. ni-ioanns. 

